Evaluating the Gas Cartridge for Coyotes in Controlling Badgers

Efficacy investigations were conducted in Pampa, Tx to evaluate the use of the “GAS CARTRIDGE FOR COYOTES: (Canis latrans) for controlling problem badgers (Taxidea taxus) in burrows. This coyote cartridge with two active ingredients (sodium nitrate and charcoal), produces high concentrations of carbon monoxide when burned and is effective in controlling coyotes in dens. Badgers were live-trapped, immobilized, and equipped with mortality-indicating radio transmitters prior to their release. Movements were monitored for a minimum of 12 days prior to each initial efficacy test and for at least 3 days in follow up tests for survivors. Only occupied burrows, unplugged and previously utilized by the badger during the study, were selected for gassing. The coyote cartridge was used according to label directions, and survival or mortality were recorded for each test. The mortality rate was 25% (1/4 attempts) using one gas cartridge and 50% (1/2) using two. Survivors resurfaced between 5-72 hrs after the gassing and relocated a least 2 km away from the test burrow. Because the overall 33% mortality was well below the 70% minimum efficacy standard recommended by the EPA, the study was discontinued. Results suggested that amending this registration for badgers should not be pursued. Factors possibly contributing to badger survival are discussed including a tolerance for low oxygen, behavior associated with burrow entrance disturbance, soil porosity and moisture content, and badger body weight.